Evaluation of the dose-effect association between the number of doses and duration since the last dose of COVID-19 vaccine, and its efficacy in preventing the disease and reducing disease severity: A single centre, cross-sectional analytical study from India

Bhattacharya, Aakashneel; Ranjan, Piyush; Ghosh, Tamoghna; Agarwal, Harsh; Seth, Sukriti; Maher, Ganesh Tarachand; Upadhyay, Ashish Datt; Kumar, Arvind; Baitha, Upendra; Gupta, Gaurav; Prakash, Bindu; Dwivedi, Sada Nand; Wig, Naveet

AIMS: To evaluate the dose-effect association between COVID-19 vaccination and probability of turning RT-PCR positive and to assess the correlation between disease severity and vaccination status. METHODS: A single centre cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 583 individuals presenting to COVID-19 testing clinic and 55 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Vaccination status was assessed by the number of doses and duration since the last dose. Disease severity was evaluated by the requirement of hospitalization and ICU admission/death. The association between the vaccination status and development of disease and its severity were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age of the population was 36.6 years and 82.6% had no comorbidities. The odds of turning RT-PCR positive was 0.17(95% CI: 0.11–0.27) among the clinical suspects who had taken both doses of the vaccine at least 14 days before (fully vaccinated). The odds of hospitalization was 0.12(95% CI: 0.03–0.45) and ICU admission/death was 0.07(95% CI: 0.01–0.36) among fully vaccinated individuals. The protective role of vaccination was observed to start 14 days after receiving the first dose. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 vaccination provides dose-dependent protection against the development of the disease. It also lowers the risk of hospitalization and ICU admission/death in RT-PCR positive patients in a dose-dependent manner.