No COVID-19 climate silver lining in the US power sector

Luke, Max; Somani, Priyanshi; Cotterman, Turner; Suri, Dhruv; Lee, Stephen J.

Recent studies conclude that the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic decreased power sector CO(2) emissions globally and in the United States. In this paper, we analyze the statistical significance of CO(2) emissions reductions in the U.S. power sector from March through December 2020. We use Gaussian process (GP) regression to assess whether CO(2) emissions reductions would have occurred with reasonable probability in the absence of COVID-19 considering uncertainty due to factors unrelated to the pandemic and adjusting for weather, seasonality, and recent emissions trends. We find that monthly CO(2) emissions reductions are only statistically significant in April and May 2020 considering hypothesis tests at 5% significance levels. Separately, we consider the potential impact of COVID-19 on coal-fired power plant retirements through 2022. We find that only a small percentage of U.S. coal power plants are at risk of retirement due to a possible COVID-19-related sustained reduction in electricity demand and prices. We observe and anticipate a return to pre-COVID-19 CO(2) emissions in the U.S. power sector.