Computational and in vitro experimental analyses of the Anti-COVID-19 potential of Mortaparib and MortaparibPlus.

Kumar, Vipul; Sari, Anissa Nofita; Meidinna, Hazna Noor; Dhanjal, Jaspreet Kaur; Subramani, Chandru; Basu, Brohmomoy; Kaul, Sunil C; Vrati, Sudhanshu; Sundar, Durai; Wadhwa, Renu

COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus has become a global health emergency. Although new vaccines have been generated and being implicated, discovery and application of novel preventive and control measures are warranted. We aimed to identify compound/s that may possess the potential to either block the entry of virus to host cells or attenuate its replication upon infection. Using host cell surface receptor expression (Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and Transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) analysis as an assay, we earlier screened several synthetic and natural compounds and identified candidates that showed ability to downregulate their expression. Here, we report experimental and computational analyses of two small molecules, Mortaparib and MortaparibPlus that were initially identified as dual novel inhibitors of mortalin and PARP-1, for their activity against SARS-CoV-2. In silico analyses showed that MortaparibPlus, but not Mortaparib, stably binds into the catalytic pocket of TMPRSS2. In vitro analysis of control and treated cells revealed that MortaparibPlus caused downregulation of ACE2 and TMPRSS2; Mortaparib did not show any effect. Furthermore, computational analysis on SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) that also predicted the inhibitory activity of MortaparibPlus. However, cell based anti-virus drug screening assay showed 30~60% viral inhibition in cells treated with non-toxic doses of either MortaparibPlus or Mortaparib. The data suggests that these two closely related compounds possess multimodal anti-COVID 19 activities. Whereas MortaparibPlus works through direct interactions/effects on the host cell surface receptors (ACE2 and TMPRSS2) and the virus protein (Mpro), Mortaparib involves independent mechanisms, elucidation of which warrants further studies.