Peripheral immunological features of COVID-19 patients in Taizhou, China: A retrospective study

Jin, Xiao-Hong; Zhou, Hui-Li; Chen, Ling-Ling; Wang, Guan-Fu; Han, Qiu-Yue; Zhang, Jian-Gang; Zhang, Xia; Chen, Qiong-Yuan; Ye, Yao-Han; Lin, Aifen; Yan, Wei-Hua

BACKGROUND: Abnormal peripheral immunological features are associated with the progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: Clinical and laboratory data were retrieved in a cohort of 146 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients. Potential risk factors for the development of severe COVID-19 were evaluated. RESULTS: On admission, lymphocytes, CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, eosinophils, and albumin and pre-albumin were dramatically lower, whereas neutrophils, and interleukin (IL)-10, C-reactive protein (CRP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were significantly higher in severe cases. By the second week after discharge, all variables improved to normal levels. Covariate logistic regression results showed that the CD8+ cell count and CRP level were independent risk factors for severe COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Lower peripheral immune cell subsets in patients with severe disease recovered to normal levels as early as the second week after discharge. CD8+ T cell counts and CRP levels on admission are independent predictive factors for severe COVID-19.