TOP-Plus is a Versatile Biosensor Platform for Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Durability

Racine-Brzostek, S. E.; Karbaschi, M.; Gaebler, C.; Klasse, P.; Yee, J.; Caskey, M.; Yang, H. S.; Hao, Y.; Chadburn, A.; Shi, Y.; Zuk, R.; Nussenzweig, M. C.; Cushing, M. M.; Zhao, Z.

Background: There is a concern that low initial SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers in individuals may drop to undetectable levels within months after infection. Although this may raise concerns over long term immunity, both the antibody levels and avidity of the antibody-antigen interaction should be examined to understand the quality of the antibody response. Methods: A testing-on-a-probe-plus panel (TOP-Plus) was developed, which included a newly developed avidity assay built into the previously described SARS-CoV-2 TOP assays that measured total antibody (TAb), surrogate neutralizing antibody (SNAb), IgM and IgG on a versatile biosensor platform. TAb and SNAb levels were compared with avidity in previously infected individuals at 1.3 and 6.2 months post-infection in paired samples from 80 COVID-19 patients. Results: The newly designed avidity assay in this TOP panel correlated well with a reference Bio-Layer Interferometry avidity assay (R=0.88). The imprecision of the TOP avidity assay was less than 9%. Although TAb and neutralization activity (by SNAb) decreased between 1.3 and 6.2 months post infection, the antibody avidity increased significantly (P < 0.0001).