Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Among North Dakota Community Pharmacy Personnel: A Seroprevalence Survey

Johnson, Amanda; Vincent, Brenda; Carson, Paul; Skoy, Elizabeth

Background The virus SARS-CoV-2, the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic, has disrupted much of the healthcare system. Despite changes in routine practices, community pharmacists have continuously served their patients throughout the pandemic. Frontline healthcare workers, including community pharmacy personnel are at risk of becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2. Objective The purpose of this study was to identify the seroprevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among a sample of North Dakota community pharmacy personnel in July of 2020. Methods This observational study was conducted in two cities in North Dakota with the highest COVID-19 rates at the time of investigation. Community pharmacy personnel were tested for the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibodies using a rapid antibody test. In addition to antibody testing, participants completed a questionnaire reporting on demographics, prior COVID-19 exposure, prior COVID-19 symptoms, and personal protection equipment (PPE) practices. Results A total of 247 pharmacy personnel from 29 pharmacies were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The timing and use of personal protective equipment varied by location. Among the 247 community pharmacy personnel, 14.6% tested positive for IgM and/or IgG. Survey data revealed a significant association (p<0.05) between a positive antibody test and direct contact with an individual who tested positive for COVID-19 (OR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.18, 5.95), but there were no significant effects related to the workplace, including: PPE use, personnel role or the number of hours worked. The self-reported loss of taste or smell was the only significant symptom associated with a positive antibody test (OR: 18.91, 95% CI: 3.10, 115.59). Conclusion Community pharmacy personnel may be at an increased risk for SARS-CoV-2 exposure compared to the general population.