COVID-19, State of the Adult and Pediatric Heart: From Myocardial Injury to Cardiac Effect of Potential Therapeutic Intervention

Iacobazzi, Dominga; Baquedano, Mai; Madeddu, Paolo; Caputo, Massimo

While the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread rapidly, resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide, multiple efforts are being made by the international scientific community to understand the pathogenesis of the viral infection and its clinical outcome. Older age and comorbidities have consistently been reported as risk factors for unfavorable prognosis, with cardiovascular disease accounting for up to 10 % of comorbid conditions among the infected patients. An understanding of the mechanism underlying the effect of this infection on patients with cardiovascular disease is essential to manage and improve clinical strategies against the disease in that population. In this review, we summarize the impact of COVID-19 on patients with underlying cardiovascular conditions and the cardiac implications of known and emerging therapeutic strategies. Our future effort will aim to further elucidate how the type and severity of the cardiac disease, with particular regard to Congenital Heart Disease, influences the prognosis and the outcome of the viral infection.