Molecular mechanism of anti-SARS-CoV2 activity of Ashwagandha-derived withanolides

Dhanjal, Jaspreet Kaur; Kumar, Vipul; Garg, Sukant; Subramani, Chandru; Agarwal, Shubhra; Wang, Jia; Zhang, Huayue; Kaul, Ashish; Kalra, Rajkumar Singh; Kaul, Sunil C.; Vrati, Sudhanshu; Sundar, Durai; Wadhwa, Renu

COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 corona virus has become a global pandemic. In the absence of drugs and vaccine, and premises of time, efforts and cost required for their development, natural resources such as herbs are anticipated to provide some help and may also offer a promising resource for drug development. Here, we have investigated the therapeutic prospective of Ashwagandha for the COVID-19 pandemic. Nine withanolides were tested in silico for their potential to target and inhibit (i) cell surface receptor protein (TMPRSS2) that is required for entry of virus to host cells and (ii) viral protein (the main protease M(pro)) that is essential for virus replication. We report that the withanolides possess capacity to inhibit the activity of TMPRSS2 and M(pro). Furthermore, withanolide-treated cells showed downregulation of TMPRSS2 expression and inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro, suggesting that Ashwagandha may provide a useful resource for COVID-19 treatment.