Determination of daily reproduction numbers of SARS-CoV2 based on death cases suggests more rapid initial spread in Italy and the United States

Armin Ensser; Klaus Ueberla

Ominously, the frequency of provirus-containing resting CD4 ϩ T cells did not appear to change substantially between early and advanced HIV disease and was not influenced by effective therapy that reduced plasma viremia to undetectable levels (8, 15) . This finding has not yet been confirmed using a fully quantitative integration assay. Most, but not all, of the resting cells that contained proviruses were of the memory phenotype (29) . However, the fact that any of them were of the naïve phenotype casts doubt upon the dogma that full, mitotic T-cell activation is required for integration to occur. The mechanism by which postintegration latency is established and maintained is not known and, in naïve cells, may be novel.