Training and reployment of non-specialists is an effective solution for the shortage of health care workers in the COVID-19 pandemic

Kuang, M.; Wu, J.; Luo, Y.; Xiao, H.; Liang, R.; Hu, W.; Cheng, S.; Zhou, Q.; Peng, S.; Cheng, K.

Importance: In the COVID-19 pandemic many countries encounter problems arising from shortage of specialists. Short intensive training and reployment of non-specialists is an option but the effectiveness is unknown. Objective: To investigate whether there was difference in in-hospital mortality rates between COVID-19 patients managed by a mixed team (including non-specialists who had short intensive training and operated to a strict protocol) and those managed by a specialist team of health care workers. Design: Cohort study, from January 26, 2020 to April 7, 2020, follow up to April 7, 2020. Setting: Multicenter - Wuhan Hankou Hospital and Wuhan Xiehe Hospital, Wuhan, China. Participants: 261 HCWs deployed to Wuhan from Guangdong emergency rescue team and the 269 COVID-19 patients they treated. Exposure: Among 261 health care workers, 130 were in the specialist team and included 33 physicians, 32 of whom (97.0%) of whom were from relevant specialties. Each physician was in charge of 25-27 beds, with a 6-hour shift time. The mixed team included 131 health care workers, with 7 of the 28 physicians (25.0%) from relevant specialties. Each physician managed 12-13 beds, with a 4-hour shift time. Non-specialists received short-term intensive training and then followed strict management protocols. Specialists practiced as normal. Main Outcomes and Measures: Main outcome was in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients. Another outcome was rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection in health care workers. Results: A total of 269 patients were included (144 male). In-hospital mortality rate of patients treated by the specialist teams and the mixed teams was 12.6% (20/159) and 12.7% (14/110) respectively (Difference = -0.1%, 95% CI -8.2% to 7.9%, p=.97). None of the health care workers were infected. Conclusions and Relevance: Training and reployment of non-specialists is an effective solution for the shortage of health care workers in the COVID-19 pandemic.