Author: Armin Ensser; Klaus Ueberla
Title: Determination of daily reproduction numbers of SARS-CoV2 based on death cases suggests more rapid initial spread in Italy and the United States Document date: 2020_3_31
ID: 4izymiy4_1
Snippet: Integration, an obligate step in retrovirus replication, is defined as the covalent insertion of viral DNA into the host cell genome. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proviruses appear to contribute to viral persistence. This is most evident in treated patients, where the proviral load seems to be unaffected by combination antiretroviral therapy that clears viremia (10) . To date, proviral DNA has proven impossible to eradicate without.....
Document: Integration, an obligate step in retrovirus replication, is defined as the covalent insertion of viral DNA into the host cell genome. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proviruses appear to contribute to viral persistence. This is most evident in treated patients, where the proviral load seems to be unaffected by combination antiretroviral therapy that clears viremia (10) . To date, proviral DNA has proven impossible to eradicate without death of the transduced host cell. These results suggest that provirus may serve as a treatment-resistant reservoir of HIV-1. Quantitative studies of this reservoir are challenging because of the relative rarity of integration events in quiescent leukocytes. Assays for HIV-1 integration have been implemented using three main strategies, namely, inverse PCR (7), linker-primer PCR (37) , and Alu PCR (2, 3, 5, 12, 34) . We focus on and refine the latter method here.
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