Visceral Adiposity and High Intramuscular Fat Deposition Independently Predict Critical Illness in Patients with Sars‐COV‐2

Yang, Yang; Ding, Lin; Zou, Xianlun; Shen, Yaqi; Hu, Daoyu; Hu, Xuemei; Li, Zhen; Kamel, Ihab R.

OBJECTS: To assess the association between adipose tissue distribution and severity of clinical course in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS­CoV­2). METHODS: For this retrospective study, 143 hospitalized patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‐19) who underwent un‐enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan between January 1(th), 2020 and March 30(th), 2020 were included. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors associated with the severity of COVID‐19 infection. RESULTS: There were 45 patients who were identified as critically ill. High visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue area ratio (VSR, called visceral adiposity) (OR: 2.47, 95CI: 1.05 to 5.98, p=0.040) and low mean attenuation of skeletal muscle (SMD, called high intramuscular fat [IMF] deposition) (OR: 11.90, 95CI: 4.50 to 36.14, p<0.001) were independent risk factors for critical illness. Furthermore, visceral adiposity or high IMF deposition increased the risk of mechanical ventilation (p=0.013, p<0.001; respectively). High IMF deposition increased the risk of death (p=0.012). CONCLUSION: COVID‐19 patients with visceral adiposity or high IMF deposition have higher risk for critical illness. Hence, patients with abdominal obesity should be monitored more carefully when hospitalized.