Fatigue and Dyspnoea as Main Persistent Post-COVID-19 Symptoms in Previously Hospitalized Patients: Related Functional Limitations and Disability.

Fernández-de-Las-Peñas, César; Palacios-Ceña, Domingo; Gómez-Mayordomo, Víctor; Palacios-Ceña, María; Rodríguez-Jiménez, Jorge; de-la-Llave-Rincón, Ana I; Velasco-Arribas, María; Fuensalida-Novo, Stella; Ambite-Quesada, Silvia; Guijarro, Carlos; Cuadrado, María L; Florencio, Lidiane L; Arias-Navalón, José A; Ortega-Santiago, Ricardo; Elvira-Martínez, Carlos M; Molina-Trigueros, Luis J; Torres-Macho, Juan; Sebastián-Viana, Tomas; Canto-Diez, María Gabriela; Cigarán-Méndez, Margarita; Hernández-Barrera, Valentín; Arendt-Nielsen, Lars

BACKGROUND Multicentre studies focussing on specific long-term post-COVID-19 symptoms are scarce. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the levels of fatigue and dyspnoea, repercussions on daily life activities, and risk factors associated with fatigue or dyspnoea in COVID-19 survivors at long term after hospital discharge. METHODS Age, gender, height, weight, symptoms at hospitalization, pre-existing medical comorbidity, intensive care unit admission, and the presence of cardio-respiratory symptoms developed after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection were collected from patients who recovered from COVID-19 at 4 hospitals in Madrid (Spain) from March 1 to May 31, 2020 (first COVID-19 wave). The Functional Impairment Checklist was used for evaluating fatigue/dyspnoea levels and functional limitations. RESULTS A total of 1,142 patients (48% women, age: 61, standard deviation [SD]: 17 years) were assessed 7.0 months (SD 0.6) after hospitalization. Fatigue was present in 61% patients, dyspnoea with activity in 55%, and dyspnoea at rest in 23.5%. Only 355 (31.1%) patients did not exhibit fatigue and/or dyspnoea 7 months after hospitalization. Forty-five per cent reported functional limitations with daily living activities. Risk factors associated with fatigue and dyspnoea included female gender, number of pre-existing comorbidities, and number of symptoms at hospitalization. The number of days at hospital was a risk factor just for dyspnoea. CONCLUSIONS Fatigue and/or dyspnoea were present in 70% of hospitalized COVID-19 survivors 7 months after discharge. In addition, 45% patients exhibited limitations on daily living activities. Being female, higher number of pre-existing medical comorbidities and number of symptoms at hospitalization were risk factors associated to fatigue/dyspnoea in COVID-19 survivors 7 months after hospitalization.