Population-based seroprevalence surveys of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody: An up-to-date review

Lai, Chih-Cheng; Wang, Jui-Hsiang; Hsueh, Po-Ren

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has led to a global pandemic. However, the majority of currently available data are restricted to laboratory-confirmed cases for symptomatic patients, and the SARS-CoV-2 infection can manifest as an asymptomatic or mild disease; therefore, the true extent of the burden of COVID-19 can be underestimated. Improved serological detection of specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 can help estimate the true number of infections. This article comprehensively reviewed the associated literature and provides updated information regarding the seroprevalence of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody. The seroprevalence can vary according to different sites and the seroprevalence can increase with time in the longitudinal follow-up. Although healthcare workers (HCWs), especially those caring for COVID-19 patients, are considered as a high-risk group, the seroprevalence of a HCW wearing adequate personal protective equipment is thought to not be higher than other groups. With regard to sex, no statistical difference has been found between male and female subjects. Some, but not all, studies have shown that children have a lower risk than other age groups. Finally, seroprevalence can vary according to different populations, such as pregnant women and hemodialysis patients; however, limited studies have examined these associations. Furthermore, continued seroprevalence surveillance is warranted to estimate and monitor the growing burden of COVID-19.