Comparison of hemoglobin level and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as prognostic markers in patients with COVID-19

Fouad, Shaimaa Hani; Allam, Mohamed Farouk; Taha, Sara Ibrahim; Okba, Ahmed Ashraf; Hosny, Amr; Moneer, Mayada; Roman, Sylvia Wefky

BACKGROUND: Anemia can negatively affect the outcome of many diseases, including infections and inflammatory conditions. AIM: To compare the prognostic value of hemoglobin level and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for prediction of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, clinical data from patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were collected from hospital records from 10 April 2020 to 30 July 2020. RESULTS: The proportions of patients with mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 differed significantly in association with hemoglobin levels, neutrophil counts, lymphocyte counts, NLR, and total leukocyte counts. Patients with severe COVID-19 had significantly lower hemoglobin levels than those with moderate or mild COVID-19. There were statistically significant negative associations between hemoglobin and D-dimer, age, and creatinine. The optimal hemoglobin cut-off value for prediction of disease severity was 11.6 g/dL. Using this cut-off value, hemoglobin had higher negative predictive value and sensitivity than NLR (92.4% and 51.3%, respectively). The specificity of hemoglobin as a prognostic marker was 79.3%. CONCLUSION: Both NLR and hemoglobin level are of prognostic value for predicting severity of COVID-19. However, hemoglobin level displayed higher sensitivity than NLR. Hemoglobin level should be assessed upon admission in all patients and closely monitored throughout the disease course.