EARLY DETECTION OF COVID-19

Hafiz Muhammad Asif; Hafiz Abdul Sattar Hashmi

to halt from spreading epidemic and this requires wise judgments over understanding pathogenesis. 1 Late appearance of primary symptoms of Covid-19 extends an opportunity 2 to cessation of spreading and precluding from getting worsened and complicated by early detection and intervention. Course of Covid-19 followed concomitance to early symptoms appearance of mild temperature, cough, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, dry mucus membrane or hyperemic, dyspnea, consolidated pneumonia like lungs, accompanied with decline in blood oxygen saturation, leukopenia, lymphocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevation in Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT). [3] [4] [5] Pediatric patients are difficult to prompt diagnosis and can remains asymptomatic up to 10 days. 9 Haiyan Qu et al, prescribed epidemiological features of 36 children diagnosed with Covid-19 in Zheijiang, China. Haiyan observed clinical features of temperature in 36% children, cough in 19%, leucopenia in 19%, lymphopenia in 36% children diagnosed with Covid-19 on time of admission to hospital. AST was elevated in 8.3% children and ALT were elevated in 5.5% children on early stage of Covdi-19. 9 Huang C et al, reported clinical features of hospitalized and laboratory confirmed Covid-19 cases in Wuhan, China. Huang C observed fever in 98%, Cough 76% in Covid-19 cases while blood investigations showed leucopenia 25%, lymphopenia 76%, thrombocytopenia 95% and elevated AST in 37%. 10 Liu W et al, reported detection of 06 children with Covid-19 published in New England Journal of Medicine recorded fever (6/6) and cough (6/6) in all children diagnosed with Covid-19 under his study. Pharyngeal congestion was 83.7% (5/6), leucopenia (4/6) 66.7%, lymphopenia recorded in all children (6/6) 100%, platelets values were at lower limit <20x10 4 in (3/5) half children. Elevated AST was (4/6) 66.3% and elevated ALT was 16.7 (1/6). 11 Wang et al, in another publication appeared in JAMA described clinical symptoms of fever 98.6%, dry cough 59.4%, lymphopenia 70.3% in laboratory confirmed Covid-19, also described leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in Covid-19 confirmed cases contrary Young et al, did not showed any laboratory findings in one study. 12-13 Jin X et al, prescribed clinical features analyzed of 651 Covid-19 confirmed cases and find fever and cough with dry mucus membrane 84.34%, 68.91,% and 12.11% respectively. Leucopenia, lymphopenia and thrombopenia were also present but liver enzymes were in normal values. 14 Detail features are prescribed in Table. 1.