One-year changes in the pediatric emergency department caused by prolonged COVID-19 pandemic

Bae, Woori; Choi, Arum; Kim, Kyunghoon; Kang, Hyun Mi; Kim, Sae Yun; Lee, Heayon; Yoo, Il Han; Yang, Eun Ae; Chun, Yoon Hong; Bin, Joong Hyun; Yoon, Jong-Seo; Lee, Sang Haak; Kim, Hyun Hee; Kim, Sukil; Jeong, Dae Chul

BACKGROUND: With the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic lasting for more than a year, it is imperative to identify the associated changes in the use of emergency medical care for efficient operation of the PED. This study was conducted to determine the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the patterns of PED visits. METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study of visits to the PED of six hospitals, between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2020. We compared changes in the characteristics of patients before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: A total of 245,022 visits were included in this analysis. After the first case of COVID-19 was reported in Korea, we observed a significant decrease (54.2%) in PED visits compared to the annual average number of visits in the previous three years. Since then, the weekly number of PED visits decreased by 11.9 person/week (95% CI: -15.3 to -8.4, P<0.001), which included an increase of 0.21% (95% CI: 0.15% to 0.26%, P<0.001) per week in high acuity patients. From 2017 to 2020, the proportion of infectious respiratory diseases by year was 25.9%, 27.0%, 28.6%, and 16.3%, respectively, demonstrating a significant decrease in 2020 (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of patient visits to PEDs continues to decline, especially among those with infectious diseases. However, the disease severity of patients has gradually increased. There has been a change in the characteristics of visits to PEDs after COVID-19 which will require an appropriate response from a long-term perspective.