A systematic review of occupational therapy interventions in the transition from homelessness.

Marshall, Carrie Anne; Boland, Leonie; Westover, Lee Ann; Isard, Roxanne; Gutman, Sharon A

Background: Although systematic and scoping reviews have identified a range of interventions for persons experiencing homelessness, no known reviews have captured the range and quality of intervention studies aimed at supporting a transition from homelessness.Objectives: To capture the range and quality of occupational therapy intervention studies aimed at supporting a transition to housing following homelessness.Method: Using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines, we conducted a systematic review including a critical appraisal and narrative synthesis of experimental studies.Results: Eleven studies were included. Critical appraisal scores ranged from 33.3 to 88.9 of a possible score of 100 (Mdn = 62.5; IQR = 33.4). The majority of studies evaluated interventions for the development of life skills (n = 9; 81.8%), and all were conducted in the USA. Several of the included studies were exploratory evaluation and feasibility studies, and all were quasi-experimental in design. Only three studies (27.2%) incorporated a control group. Intervention strategies included (1) integrated group and individual life skills interventions (n = 6); (2) group-based life skills interventions (n = 3); and (3) psychosocial and consultative interventions (n = 2).Conclusions: Research evaluating occupational therapy interventions aimed at supporting homeless individuals as they transition to housing is in an early stage of development.Significance: Implications for research and practice are discussed.