Susceptibility of swine cells and domestic pigs to SARS-CoV-2

Meekins, David A.; Morozov, Igor; Trujillo, Jessie D.; Gaudreault, Natasha N.; Bold, Dashzeveg; Carossino, Mariano; Artiaga, Bianca L.; Indran, Sabarish V.; Kwon, Taeyong; Balaraman, Velmurugan; Madden, Daniel W.; Feldmann, Heinz; Henningson, Jamie; Ma, Wenjun; Balasuriya, Udeni B. R.; Richt, Juergen A.

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in an ongoing global pandemic with significant morbidity, mortality, and economic consequences. The susceptibility of different animal species to SARS-CoV-2 is of concern due to the potential for interspecies transmission, and the requirement for pre-clinical animal models to develop effective countermeasures. In the current study, we determined the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to (i) replicate in porcine cell lines, (ii) establish infection in domestic pigs via experimental oral/intranasal/intratracheal inoculation, and (iii) transmit to co-housed naïve sentinel pigs. SARS-CoV-2 was able to replicate in two different porcine cell lines with cytopathic effects. Interestingly, none of the SARS-CoV-2-inoculated pigs showed evidence of clinical signs, viral replication or SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses. Moreover, none of the sentinel pigs displayed markers of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These data indicate that although different porcine cell lines are permissive to SARS-CoV-2, five-week old pigs are not susceptible to infection via oral/intranasal/intratracheal challenge. Pigs are therefore unlikely to be significant carriers of SARS-CoV-2 and are not a suitable pre-clinical animal model to study SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis or efficacy of respective vaccines or therapeutics.