Recombinant chimpanzee adenovirus AdC7 expressing dimeric tandem-repeat RBD of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein protects mice against COVID-19

Xu, Kun; An, Yaling; Li, Qunlong; Huang, Weijin; Han, Yuxuan; Zheng, Tianyi; Fang, Fang; Liu, Hui; Liu, Chuanyu; Gao, Ping; Xu, Senyu; Liu, William J.; Bi, Yuhai; Wang, Youchun; Zhou, Dongming; Wang, Qinghan; Hou, Wenli; Xia, Qianfeng; Gao, George F.; Dai, Lianpan

A safe and effective vaccine is urgently needed to control the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic. Four adenovirus vectored vaccines expressing spike (S) protein have advanced into phase 3 trials, with three approved for use. Here, we generated several recombinant chimpanzee adenovirus (AdC7) vaccines expressing S, receptor-binding domain (RBD) or dimeric tandem-repeat RBD (RBD-tr2). We found vaccination via either intramuscular or intranasal route was highly immunogenic in mice to elicit both humoral and cellular (Th1-based) immune responses. AdC7-RBD-tr2 showed higher antibody responses compared with both AdC7-S and AdC7-RBD. Intranasal administration of AdC7-RBD-tr2 additionally induced mucosal immunity with neutralizing activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Either single-dose or two-dose mucosal administration of AdC7-RBD-tr2 protected mice against SARS-CoV-2 challenge, with undetectable subgenomic RNA in lung and relieved lung injury. These results support AdC7-RBD-tr2 as a promising COVID-19 vaccine candidate.