Incidence rates of influenza illness during pregnancy in Suzhou, China, 2015-2018.

Chen, Liling; Zhou, Suizan; Bao, Lin; Millman, Alexander J; Zhang, Zhongwei; Wang, Yan; Tan, Yayun; Song, Ying; Cui, Pengwei; Pang, Yuanyuan; Liu, Cheng; Qin, Jiangchun; Zhang, Ping; Thompson, Mark G; Iuliano, A Danielle; Zhang, Ran; Greene, Carolyn M; Zhang, Jun

BACKGROUND Data on influenza incidence during pregnancy in China are limited. METHODS From October 2015 to September 2018, we conducted active surveillance for acute respiratory illness (ARI) among women during pregnancy. Nurses conducted twice weekly phone and text message follow-up upon enrollment until delivery to identify new episodes of ARI. Nasal and throat swabs were collected ≤10 days from illness onset to detect influenza. RESULTS In total, we enrolled 18 724 pregnant women median aged 28 years old, 37% in first trimester, 48% in second trimester, and 15% in third trimester, with seven self-reported influenza vaccination during pregnancy. In the 18-week epidemic period during October 2015 to September 2016, influenza incidence was 0.7/100 person-months (95% CI: 0.5-0.9). In the cumulative 29-week-long epidemic during October 2016 to September 2017, influenza incidence was 1.0/100 person-months (95% CI: 0.8-1.2). In the 11-week epidemic period during October 2017 to September 2018, influenza incidence was 2.1/100 person-months (95% CI: 1.9-2.4). Influenza incidence was similar by trimester. More than half of the total influenza illnesses had no elevated temperature and cough. Most influenza-associated ARIs were mild, and <5.1% required hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS Influenza illness in all trimesters of pregnancy was common. These data may help inform decisions regarding the use of influenza vaccine to prevent influenza during pregnancy.