A Comprehensive Descriptive Epidemiological and Clinical Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in West-Mexico during COVID-19 Pandemic 2020

Viera-Segura, Oliver; Vega-Magaña, Natali; García-Chagollán, Mariel; Peña-Rodríguez, Marcela; Muñoz-Sánchez, Germán; Carranza-Aranda, Ahtziri Socorro; Llamas-Covarrubias, Iris Monserrat; Ramos-Solano, Moisés; Mora-Mora, Jesús; Díaz-Palomera, Carlos Daniel; León, Gabriela Espinoza-De; Zepeda-Nuño, José Sergio; Santillán-López, Enrique; García-Arellano, Samuel; Hernández-Silva, Christian David; Zerpa-Hernandez, Darbi Alfredo; Muñoz-Rios, Guillermina; Rodríguez-Sanabria, J. Samael; Muñoz-Valle, José Francisco

This study aimed to summarize the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 from Western Mexico people during 2020. A retrospective analysis from an electronic database of people visiting a sentinel center for molecular SARS-CoV-2 confirmatory diagnosis by RT-PCR from April to December 2020 was carried out for epidemiological and clinical description of COVID-19. Out of 23,211 patients evaluated, 6918 (29.8%) were confirmed for SARS-CoV-2 infection (mean age 38.5 ± 13.99), mostly females (53.8%). Comorbidities, such as diabetes (34.7%), obesity (31.15%), and hypertension (31.8%), presented an increased odds OR = 1.27, CI = 1.14–1.41; OR = 1.08, CI = 1.01–1.16; and OR = 1.09, CI = 0.99–1.19, respectively, for viral-infection. Moreover, fever, headache, and dry cough were the most frequent symptoms. No infection difference among sex was found. Those patients >60 years old were prone to COVID-19 severity (OR = 3.59, CI = 2.10–6.14), evaluated by the number of manifested symptoms, increasing with age. In conclusion, a high SARS-CoV-2 prevalence was found in Western Mexico. Comorbidities were frequent in infected people; nevertheless, no association with disease outcomes was observed, in contrast with the highest disease severity risk found in older patients; however, continuous monitoring should be carried since comorbidities have been reported as aggravating factors. This study can help the health officials for the elaboration of planning efforts of the disease management and others in the future.