HIV protease inhibitor nelfinavir inhibits replication of SARS-associated coronavirus

Yamamoto, Norio; Yang, Rongge; Yoshinaka, Yoshiyuki; Amari, Shinji; Nakano, Tatsuya; Cinatl, Jindrich; Rabenau, Holger; Doerr, Hans Wilhelm; Hunsmann, Gerhard; Otaka, Akira; Tamamura, Hirokazu; Fujii, Nobutaka; Yamamoto, Naoki

A novel coronavirus has been identified as an etiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). To rapidly identify anti-SARS drugs available for clinical use, we screened a set of compounds that included antiviral drugs already in wide use. Here we report that the HIV-1 protease inhibitor, nelfinavir, strongly inhibited replication of the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Nelfinavir inhibited the cytopathic effect induced by SARS-CoV infection. Expression of viral antigens was much lower in infected cells treated with nelfinavir than in untreated infected cells. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that nelfinavir could decrease the production of virions from Vero cells. Experiments with various timings of drug addition revealed that nelfinavir exerted its effect not at the entry step, but at the post-entry step of SARS-CoV infection. Our results suggest that nelfinavir should be examined clinically for the treatment of SARS and has potential as a good lead compound for designing anti-SARS drugs.