Evaluation of antibody testing for SARS-Cov-2 using ELISA and lateral flow immunoassays

Emily R Adams; Rekha Anand; Monique I Andersson; Kathryn Auckland; J Kenneth Baillie; Eleanor Barnes; John Bell; Tamsin Berry; Sagida Bibi; Miles Carroll; Senthil Chinnakannan; Elizabeth Clutterbuck; Richard J Cornall; Derrick W Crook; Thushan De Silva; Wanwisa Dejnirattisai; Kate E Dingle; Christina Dold; David W Eyre; Helen Farmer; Sarah J Hoosdally; Alistair Hunter; Katie Jeffrey; Paul Klenerman; Julian Knight; Clarice Knowles; Andrew J Kwok; Ullrich Leuschner; Chang Liu; Cesar Lopez-Camacho; Philippa C Matthews; Hannah McGivern; Alexander J Mentzer; Jonathan Milton; Juthathip Mongkolsapaya; Shona C Moore; Marta S Oliveira; Fiona Pereira; Timothy Peto; Rutger J Ploeg; Andrew Pollard; Tessa Prince; David J Roberts; Justine K Rudkin; Gavin R Screaton; Malcolm G Semple; Donal T Skelly; Elliot Nathan Smith; Julie Staves; David Stuart; Piyada Supasa; Tomas Surik; Pat Tsang; Lance Turtle; A Sarah Walker; Beibei Wang; Charlotte Washington; Nicholas Watkins; James Whitehouse; Sally Beer; Robert Levin; Alexis Espinosa; Dominique Georgiou; Jose Carlos Martinez Garrido; Hannah Thraves; Elena Perez Lopez; Maria del Rocio Fernandez Mendoza; Alberto Jose Sobrino Diaz; Veronica Sanchez

Testing was performed in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions for each device. Typically, this involved adding 5-20µl of plasma to the sample well, and 80-100µl of manufacturer's buffer to an adjacent well, followed by incubation at room temperature for 10-15 minutes. The result was based on the appearance of coloured bands, designated as positive (control and test bands present), negative (control band only), or invalid (no band, absent control band, or band in the wrong place) ( Figure 1C ).