Evolutionary rate shifts suggest species-specific adaptation events in HIV-1 and SIV

Maoz Gelbart; Adi Stern

No anti-Tetherin adaptation event is known to have occurred in the rare group P [36] . In gorilla, 143 the Nef protein adapted to encounter its host's Tetherin but also maintained its ability to 144 encounter the chimpanzee tetherin [37, 38] . In line with these findings, our analysis shows that the branch leading to SIVgor and HIV-177 1 groups O and P experienced 14% of its rate decelerations in the Vif protein, particularly in 178 . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license is made available under a The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It . https://doi.org/10.1101/190769 doi: bioRxiv preprint positions Vif73 and Vif167. In HIV-1, Vif73 is in close proximity to the A3G-binding motif Vif69-72 that 179 is also responsible in-part for interaction with APOBEC3F (which in itself contains differences in 180 the Vif interacting loop between chimpanzee and human/gorilla) [47] [48] [49] . O-Vif experienced a 181 single rate deceleration in position Vif127, which is located in the Cullin-5 interacting domain [48] . 182