Modeling the Contribution of Male Testosterone Levels to the Duration of Positive COVID Testing among Hospitalized Male COVID-19 Patients

Salciccia, Stefano; Eisenberg, Michael L.; Maggi, Martina; Lai, Silvia; Mastroianni, Claudio Maria; Pasculli, Patrizia; Ciardi, Maria Rosa; Canale, Vittorio; Ferro, Matteo; Busetto, Gian Maria; De Berardinis, Ettore; Ricciuti, Gian Piero; Sciarra, Alessandro; Del Giudice, Francesco

Background: A growing body of evidence is emerging suggesting testosterone can affect all cells involved in the immune response to both bacterial and viral infections, and the testosterone effect on the immune response could explain the greater susceptibility of men to infections including COVID-19. We aimed to explore the predictive role of male serum total testosterone (TT) levels on the time till viral negativity testing among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods: The univariate effect of risk factors for the duration of COVID-19 viral positivity was evaluated using the log-rank test and Kaplan–Meier estimates. A multivariable Cox regression model was developed to test the role of TT levels and the subsequent odds for shorter viral positivity intervals. Results: Increasing serum TT levels and the need for an oxygen administration strategy were independently predictive for respectively reduced and increased days to negativization (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 1.39, 95% CI: 0.95–2.03 and HR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.03–1.18). Conclusion: Baseline higher TT levels for male COVID-19 patients at hospital admission are associated with shorter durations of positive COVID-19 testing and thus viral clearance. Our preliminary findings might play a relevant to help pandemic control strategies if these will be verified in future larger multicentric and possibly randomized trials.