SARS-CoV-2-related Progressive Brain White Matter Lesion Associated with an Increased Cerebrospinal Fluid Level of IL-6.

Oka, Yuwa; Ueda, Akihiro; Nakagawa, Tomokazu; Kikuchi, Yujiro; Inoue, Daiki; Marumo, Satoshi; Matsumoto, Sadayuki

We herein report a 49-year-old man with a fever, diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. After two weeks of hospitalization, he suddenly mentioned visual field impairment. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed white matter damage and vasogenic edema. Cerebrospinal fluid showed increased levels of IL-6. His symptoms and white matter lesion deteriorated. After treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone therapy and plasmapheresis, his symptoms and white matter lesion improved gradually. We suspect that our patient was affected by a secondary hyperinflammatory syndrome related to cytokines, alone or in combination with direct viral injury through endothelial cell damage. The IL-6 levels were elevated only in the cerebrospinal fluid, suggesting focal central nervous system inflammation.