Impact of diabetes on COVID-19-related in-hospital mortality: a retrospective study from Northern Italy

Ciardullo, S.; Zerbini, F.; Perra, S.; Muraca, E.; Cannistraci, R.; Lauriola, M.; Grosso, P.; Lattuada, G.; Ippoliti, G.; Mortara, A.; Manzoni, G.; Perseghin, G.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of pre-existing diabetes on in-hospital mortality in patients admitted for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: This is a single center, retrospective study conducted at Policlinico di Monza hospital, located in the Lombardy region, Northern Italy. We reviewed medical records of 373 consecutive adult patients who were hospitalized with COVID-19 between February 22 and May 15, 2020. Data were collected on diabetes status, comorbid conditions and laboratory findings. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to evaluate the effect of diabetes on in-hospital mortality after adjustment for potential confounding variables. RESULTS: Mean age of the patients was 72 ± 14 years (range 17–98), 244 (65.4%) were male and 69 (18.5%) had diabetes. The most common comorbid conditions were hypertension (237 [64.8%]), cardiovascular disease (140 [37.7%]) and malignant neoplasms (50 [13.6%]). In-hospital death occurred in 142 (38.0%) patients. In the multivariable model older age (Relative Risk [RR] 1.06 [1.04–1. 09] per year), diabetes (RR 1.56 [1.05–2.02]), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (RR 1.82 [1.13–2.35]), higher values of lactic dehydrogenase and C-reactive protein were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION: In this retrospective single-center study, diabetes was independently associated with a higher in-hospital mortality. More intensive surveillance of patients with this condition is to be warranted.