G-quadruplex stabilization in the ions and maltose transporters inhibit Salmonella enterica growth and virulence

Neha Jain; Subodh Kumar Mishra; Uma Shankar; Arpita Tawani; Ankit Jaiswal; Tarun Kumar Sharma; Prashant Kodgire; Amit Kumar

Salmonella enterica is a food-borne pathogenic bacterium and causes a spectrum of diseases including enteric fever (typhoid) and food poisoning in human (2) . Global burden of S. enterica is rising exponentially due to the emergence of multidrug and extremely resistant strains. Therefore, it becomes essential to develop a novel therapeutic strategy that can work in both drug susceptible and drug- binding with small molecule are being extensively investigated as a promising therapeutic approach for combating the various type of human pathogen infection [42, 46] . For example, HIV-1 promoter region possessed a G-quadruplex motif in long terminal repeat (LTR) region of their genome and observed to be critical for its proliferation. BRACO-19 has shown anti-HIV-1 activity by stabilizing G-quadruplex motif present in the LTR region [42] . Similarly, stabilization of G-quadruplex structure present in the core gene of HCV genome by PDP, halts its replication, translation and therefore can be used as potential antihepatitis therapeutics [57] . Pyridostatin is also observed to stabilize the G-quadruplex structure formed in the mRNA of nuclear antigen 1 protein of EBV leading to its translation suppression [58] . Recently,