G-quadruplex stabilization in the ions and maltose transporters inhibit Salmonella enterica growth and virulence

Neha Jain; Subodh Kumar Mishra; Uma Shankar; Arpita Tawani; Ankit Jaiswal; Tarun Kumar Sharma; Prashant Kodgire; Amit Kumar

S. enterica subsp. enterica ser. Typhimurium (S. ser. Typhimurium), and causes food poisoning in human [3] . They have been reported for causing more than ~140 foodborne illness throughout the world [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] . As per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), typhoid fever causes ~22 million new cases and ~200,000 deaths every year across the world [9, 10] . The emergence of antimicrobial drug resistance for chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, azithromycin and cephalosporin make the situation more dangerous and thus leading to increased death rate due to clinical treatment failure [11] [12] [13] . More recently, severe complications with Salmonella species have emerged and connected to multiple invasive disorders like irritable bowel syndrome [14] , reactive arthritis [15] , bacteremia [16] focal infection [17] , meningitis [18] and infectious aortitis [19] . Due to its high prevalence and rapid emergence of drug resistance, Salmonella ring a global alarm for the development of novel and promising therapeutic approaches. A more effective and efficient therapeutic approach would be required to target the expression of those genes that were previously observed to be associated with essential nutrient acquisition system and remained conserved throughout the evolution in the genome of this deadly human pathogen.