A standardized method for in vivo mouse pancreas imaging and semiquantitative β cell mass measurement by dual isotope SPECT.

Mathijs, Iris; Xavier, Catarina; Peleman, Cindy; Caveliers, Vicky; Brom, Maarten; Gotthardt, Martin; Herrera, Pedro L; Lahoutte, Tony; Bouwens, Luc

PURPOSE In order to evaluate future β cell tracers in vivo, we aimed to develop a standardized in vivo method allowing semiquantitative measurement of a prospective β cell tracer within the pancreas. PROCEDURES 2-[(123)I]Iodo-L-phenylalanine ([(123)I]IPA) and [Lys(40)([(111)In]DTPA)]exendin-3 ([(111)In]Ex3) pancreatic uptake and biodistribution were evaluated using SPECT, autoradiography, and an ex vivo biodistribution study in a controlled unilaterally nephrectomized mouse β cell depletion model. Semiquantitative measurement of the imaging results was performed using [(123)I]IPA to delineate the pancreas and [(111)In]Ex3 as a β cell tracer. RESULTS The uptake of [(123)I]IPA was highest in the pancreas. Aside from the kidneys, the uptake of [(111)In]Ex3 was highest in the pancreas and lungs. Autoradiography showed only uptake of [(111)In]Ex3 in insulin-expressing cells. Semiquantitative measurement of [(111)In]Ex3 in the SPECT images based on the delineation of the pancreas with [(123)I]IPA showed a high correlation with the [(111)In]Ex3 uptake data of the pancreas obtained by dissection. A strong positive correlation was observed between the relative insulin positive area and the pancreas-to-blood ratios of [(111)In]Ex3 uptake as determined by counting with a gamma counter and the semiquantitative analysis of the SPECT images. CONCLUSIONS [(123)I]IPA is a promising tracer to delineate pancreatic tissue on SPECT images. It shows a high uptake in the pancreas as compared to other abdominal tissues. This study also demonstrates the feasibility and accuracy to measure the β cell mass in vivo in an animal model of diabetes.