History of Coronary Heart Disease Increases the Mortality Rate of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients: A Nested Case-Control Study Based on Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases in Mainland China

Tian Gu; Qiao Chu; Zhangsheng Yu; Botao Fa; Anqi Li; Lei Xu; Ruijun Wu; Yaping He

The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.23.20041848 doi: medRxiv preprint age tended to be older in the case group (70.7 years old) than in the control group (64.2 years old). Median ages were similar to mean ages in both groups. A majority (62.9%) of the patients were male. Overall, 25.5% of the total patients had clinical symptoms associated with COVID-19 before January 11 th , 2020. A relatively small proportion of the total sample had COPD, renal failure, history of surgery and hepatic failure (4.4%, 4.4%, 3.6% or 1.1%). Among all preexisting comorbidities with over 5% of the total sample, hypertension was the most common (39.6%), followed by diabetes (26.2%), CHD (14.5%), cardiac failure (8%), cerebral infarction (6.9%) and chronic bronchitis (6.9%). Patients in the case group had more CHD (p<0.001) and more cerebral infarction (p=0.05), compared to those in the control group. A majority of the total sample had at least one pre-existing comorbidity (67.6%), specifically around 25% had one, 22% had two, 11% had three, and 10% had four or more. Compared to the control group, more patients in the case group had pre-existing comorbidities (p=0.02), especially those who had four or more comorbidities (p<0.001).