Design of a novel multiple epitope-based vaccine: An immunoinformatics approach to combat SARS-CoV-2 strains

Naveed, Muhammad; Tehreem, Sana; Arshad, Sundas; Bukhari, Syeda Aniqa; Shabbir, Muhammad Aqib; Essa, Ramsha; Ali, Nouman; Zaib, Sumera; Khan, Ajmal; Al-Harrasi, Ahmed; Khan, Imtiaz

Background Since the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, the virus has infected more than 135 million individuals across the world due to its human-to-human transmission. The USA is the most affected country having more than 58 million cases till date. Sudden high fever, pneumonia and organ failure have been observed in infected individuals. Objectives In the current situation of emerging viral disease, there is no specific vaccine, or any therapeutics available for SARS-CoV-2, there is a dire need to design a potential vaccine to combat the virus by developing immunity in the population. The purpose of present study was to develop a potential vaccine by targeting B and T-cell epitopes using bioinformatics approaches. Methods B and T-cell epitopes prediction from novel M protein-SARS-CoV-2 for the development of a unique multiple epitope vaccine applying bioinformatics approaches. These epitopes were analyzed and selected for their immunogenicity, antigenicity scores, and toxicity in correspondence to their ability to trigger immune response. In combination to epitopes, best multi-epitope of potential immunogenic property was constructed. The epitopes were joined using EAAAK, AAY and GPGPG linkers. Results The constructed vaccine showed good results of worldwide population coverage and promising immune response. This constructed vaccine was subjected to in-silico immune simulations by C-ImmSim. Chimeric protein construct was cloned into PET28a (+) vector for expression study in Escherichia coli using snapgene. Conclusion This vaccine design proved effective in various computer-based immune response analysis as well as showed good population coverage. This study is solely dependent on developing M protein-based vaccine, and these in silico findings would be a breakthrough in the development of an effective vaccine to eradicate SARS-CoV-2 globally.