Public Health measures to control the spread of COVID-19 amongst the migrant population in Malta

Melillo, T; Medialdea-Carrera, R M C

ISSUE: In the last 10 years, the migrant population residing in Malta has increased exponentially. The COVID-19 epidemic impacted disproportionally migrants which are often in disadvantaged positions due to the lower socioeconomic status, communication barriers and lower education levels. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM: During the COVID-19 epidemic migrants were particularly affected due to multiple factors including communication barriers, restriction measures imposed, loss of employment, challenges accessing the healthcare system, travel ban and mental health issues. Ports were closed preventing disembarkation of migrant boats and asylum request applications were put on hold. RESULTS: As of the 16th of June, a total of 30.2% (n = 198) confirmed COVID-19 cases were migrants. A strategy to support migrants was designed and implemented. The COVID-19 outbreak in a migrant centre resulted in all the 800 residents being placed in lock-down for 38 days (5th April till 13th May) and a total of 50 COVID-19 cases. Migrant boats that arrived before ports were closed were placed under quarantine. Migrants reported difficulties seeking healthcare, using the helpline, and higher exposure risk due to overcrowded living conditions. LESSONS: Migrants faced additional challenges due to the impact of the pandemic. The public health response measures implemented for the general population were not always feasible or accessible for the migrant population including hygiene recommendations, access to testing, isolation and quarantine and access to accurate scientific information. The mental health impact of COVID-19 among migrant populations was enhanced due to loneliness, lack of communication with their families and financial instability. Challenges accessing the healthcare system, understanding the restriction measures and the evolving public health recommendations were highlighted. Future strategies to control epidemics should always include specific plans to support migrant populations. KEY MESSAGES: The public health strategy must incorporate specific plans to support migrants in order to control and reduce the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic. Transdisciplinary policy needs to be developed considering the ethical, socio-economical, psychological and human right aspects of the migrant population.