Author: Allison, Andrew B.; Mead, Daniel G.; Palacios, Gustavo F.; Tesh, Robert B.; Holmes, Edward C.
                    Title: Gene duplication and phylogeography of North American members of the Hart Park serogroup of avian rhabdoviruses  Cord-id: jh6d1o0i  Document date: 2014_1_5
                    ID: jh6d1o0i
                    
                    Snippet: Abstract Flanders virus (FLAV) and Hart Park virus (HPV) are rhabdoviruses that circulate in mosquito–bird cycles in the eastern and western United States, respectively, and constitute the only two North American representatives of the Hart Park serogroup. Previously, it was suggested that FLAV is unique among the rhabdoviruses in that it contains two pseudogenes located between the P and M genes, while the cognate sequence for HPV has been lacking. Herein, we demonstrate that FLAV and HPV do 
                    
                    
                    
                     
                    
                    
                    
                    
                        
                            
                                Document: Abstract Flanders virus (FLAV) and Hart Park virus (HPV) are rhabdoviruses that circulate in mosquito–bird cycles in the eastern and western United States, respectively, and constitute the only two North American representatives of the Hart Park serogroup. Previously, it was suggested that FLAV is unique among the rhabdoviruses in that it contains two pseudogenes located between the P and M genes, while the cognate sequence for HPV has been lacking. Herein, we demonstrate that FLAV and HPV do not contain pseudogenes in this region, but encode three small functional proteins designated as U1–U3 that apparently arose by gene duplication. To further investigate the U1–U3 region, we conducted the first large-scale evolutionary analysis of a member of the Hart Park serogroup by analyzing over 100 spatially and temporally distinct FLAV isolates. Our phylogeographic analysis demonstrates that although FLAV appears to be slowly evolving, phylogenetically divergent lineages co-circulate sympatrically.
 
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