Development of a vaccine against the newly emerging COVID-19 virus based on the receptor binding domain displayed on virus-like particles

Zha, Lisha; Zhao, Hongxin; Mohsen, Mona O.; Hong, Liang; Zhou, Yuhang; Li, Zehua; Chen, Hongquan; Liu, Xuelan; Chang, Xinyue; Zhang, Jie; Li, Dong; Wu, Ke; Vogel, Monique; Bachmann, Martin F; Wang, Junfeng

The ongoing coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic is caused by a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) with its origin in the city of Wuhan in China. From there it has been rapidly spreading to many cities inside and outside China. Nowadays more than 33 millions with deaths surpassing 1 million have been recorded worldwide thus representing a major health issue. Rapid development of a protective vaccine against COVID-19 is therefore of paramount importance. Here we demonstrated that recombinantly expressed receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein homologous to SARS binds to ACE2, the viral receptor. Higly repetitive display of RBD on immunologically optimized virus-like particles derived from cucumber mosaic virus (CuMVTT) resulted in a vaccine candidate that induced high levels of specific antibodies in mice which were able to block binding of spike protein to ACE2 and potently neutralized COVID-19 virus in vitro.