The future of bone regeneration: integrating AI into tissue engineering.

Mackay, Benita Scout; Marshall, Karen; Grant-Jacob, James A; Kanczler, Janos; Eason, Rob; Oreffo, Richard; Mills, Ben

Tissue engineering is a branch of regenerative medicine which harnesses biomaterial and stem cell research to utilise the body's natural healing responses to regenerate tissue and organs. There remain many unanswered questions in tissue engineering, with optimal biomaterial designs still to be developed and a lack of adequate stem cell knowledge limiting successful application. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI), and deep learning specifically, offer the potential to improve both scientific understanding and clinical outcome in regenerative medicine. With enhanced perception of how to integrate artificial intelligence into current research and clinical practice, AI offers an invaluable tool to improve patient outcome.