Changes in Lifestyle and Dietary Habits during COVID-19 Lockdown in Italy: Results of an Online Survey

Prete, Melania; Luzzetti, Anna; Augustin, Livia S. A.; Porciello, Giuseppe; Montagnese, Concetta; Calabrese, Ilaria; Ballarin, Giada; Coluccia, Sergio; Patel, Linia; Vitale, Sara; Palumbo, Elvira; Celentano, Egidio; La Vecchia, Carlo; Crispo, Anna

COVID-19 is an unprecedented global pandemic. On 12 March 2020, a lockdown order was issued in Italy in attempt to contain the health crisis. The study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on diet, physical activity, sleep quality, and distress in an Italian cohort. An online anonymous interview, which included validated questionnaires was created to compare lifestyle habits pre- and during the lockdown. Data analysis from 604 subjects with a mean age of 29.8 years was carried out using multivariate analysis. Compared to pre-COVID-19 times, 67% of people changed their eating habits and increased consumption of foods containing added sugars. Women and men with low adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) were more likely to be physically inactive (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.01, respectively). Results from logistic regression showed a three times higher risk of being inactive if adherence to the MedDiet was low (p < 0.0001), especially in men between 26 and 35 years. Lower levels of distress were reported in males who were physically active (89%) (p < 0.001). Our findings may help to identify effective lifestyle interventions during restrictive conditions.