Role of a Pediatric Cardiologist in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Niaz, Talha; Hope, Kyle; Fremed, Michael; Misra, Nilanjana; Altman, Carrie; Glickstein, Julie; Sanchez-de-Toledo, Joan; Fraisse, Alain; Miller, Jacob; Snyder, Christopher; Johnson, Jonathan N.; Chowdhury, Devyani

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected patients across all age groups, with a wide range of illness severity from asymptomatic carriers to severe multi-organ dysfunction and death. Although early reports have shown that younger age groups experience less severe disease than older adults, our understanding of this phenomenon is in continuous evolution. Recently, a severe multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), with active or recent COVID-19 infection, has been increasingly reported. Children with MIS-C may demonstrate signs and symptoms of Kawasaki disease, but also have some distinct differences. These children have more frequent and severe gastrointestinal symptoms and are more likely to present with a shock-like presentation. Moreover, they often present with cardiovascular involvement including myocardial dysfunction, valvulitis, and coronary artery dilation or aneurysms. Here, we present a review of the literature and summary of our current understanding of cardiovascular involvement in children with COVID-19 or MIS-C and identifying the role of a pediatric cardiologist in caring for these patients.