Present variants of concern and variants of interest of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: Their significant mutations in S‐glycoprotein, infectivity, re‐infectivity, immune escape and vaccines activity

Chakraborty, Chiranjib; Bhattacharya, Manojit; Sharma, Ashish Ranjan

Newly arising variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) are now a threat to global public health and are creating COVID‐19 surges in different countries. At the same time, there is limited knowledge about these emerging variants. Even if research data are available, it is varyingly scattered. In this review, we have discussed the appearance of significant alarming SARS‐CoV‐2 variants in the entire world. The study also discusses the properties of the substantial variant of concern (VOC) variants such as B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), P.1 (Gamma), B.1.427 (Epsilon) and B.1.429 (Epsilon). At the same time, the characteristic properties of some significant variant of interest (VOI) variants like B.1.525 (Eta), B.1.526 (Iota) (sublineage B.1.526.1), B.1.617 (sublineages B.1.617.1 (Kappa), B.1.617.2 (Delta) and B.1.617.3), P.2 (Zeta), P.3 (Theta), B.1.616 and B.1.427 have also been discussed. Here, we have explained some essential mutations for the VOC and VOI variants such as K417T/N, L452R, E484K, N501Y, D614G and P681R. Consecutively, we also highlighted the crucial clinical characteristics of the variants, such as transmissibility, infectivity, re‐infectivity, immune escape, vaccine activity and vaccine escape. Our comprehensive review will provide updated information on the newly appearing variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 and help the researchers to formulate strategies to curtail the COVID‐19 pandemic.