Critical Nodes of Virus–Host Interaction Revealed Through an Integrated Network Analysis

Korbinian Bösl; Aleksandr Ianevski; Thoa T. Than; Petter I. Andersen; Suvi Kuivanen; Mona Teppor; Eva Zusinaite; Uga Dumpis; Astra Vitkauskiene; Rebecca J. Cox; Hannimari Kallio-Kokko; Anders Bergqvist; Tanel Tenson; Valentyn Oksenych; Magnar Bjørås; Marit W. Anthonsen; David Shum; Mari Kaarbø; Olli Vapalahti; Marc P. Windisch; Giulio Superti-Furga; Berend Snijder; Denis Kainov; Richard K. Kandasamy

To assess the signalling pathways and cellular processes within the hvPPI, we identified highly connected subnetworks within hvPPI network. We constructed a host-host interaction network based on the host targets in the hvPPI and identified a number of highly connected subnetworks/clusters (Fig. 3) . We then performed a gene-set enrichment analysis of significantly enriched biological processes. We found one or more enriched processes for each of this subnetwork including core cellular processes such as proteasome, spliceosome, protein translation, protein/RNA transport, and cell cycle. Next we listed the viruses that target one or more of these processes, and found that almost all the core pathways and processes are targeted by all the 17 viruses that are part of the hvPPI (Fig. S3 ). This analysis highlights the core components of the cellular process subnetworks which are targeted as part of the viral evasion strategies and thus could be broad-spectrum antiviral hot-spots from a therapeutic point of view.