Nano-Biosensing Devices Detecting Biomarkers of Communicable and Non-communicable Diseases of Animals

Jain, Utkarsh; Shakya, Saurabh; Saxena, Kirti

Diseases are either communicable or non-communicable. Communicable diseases or infectious diseases are caused by interactions between two living organisms whereas non-communicable diseases are either hereditary or due to the living environment of animals. Animals are very susceptible to various types of infections and pathogens may live outside or inside their body very conveniently. Epidemic diseases affect animal herd, livestock and the leading cause of animal mortality which may result in significant losses to the agricultural economy. Animal diseases are a matter of concern due to the direct effect on the economy as well as the possibility of pathogen transmission in humans. The accurate detection of animal diseases is an important factor to control diseases in livestock and in wild animals. Disease diagnosis in animals is very challenging and based on the variety of examinations and tests. In this context, nano-biosensors exhibit better disease detection capacity than conventional methods. Nano-biosensors show high sensitivity, stability, reproducibility with a lower limit of detection. This chapter emphasized the insight of communicable and non-communicable animal diseases and their detection through nano-biosensing devices. Some important animal diseases are discussed along with a description of developed nano-biosensors for them. Nano-biosensor functionalized with disease-related biomarkers performed better than any other conventional methods in various aspects.