Full Brain and Lung Prophylaxis against SARS-CoV-2 by Intranasal Lentiviral Vaccination in a New hACE2 Transgenic Mouse Model or Golden Hamsters

Ku, Min-Wen; Authié, Pierre; Bourgine, Maryline; Anna, François; Noirat, Amandine; Moncoq, Fanny; Vesin, Benjamin; Nevo, Fabien; Lopez, Jodie; Souque, Philippe; Blanc, Catherine; Chardenoux, Sébastien; Lafosse, llta; Hardy, David; Nemirov, Kirill; Guinet, Françoise; Vives, Francina Langa; Majlessi, Laleh; Charneau, Pierre

Non-integrative, non-cytopathic and non-inflammatory lentiviral vectors are particularly suitable for mucosal vaccination and recently emerge as a promising strategy to elicit sterilizing prophylaxis against SARS-CoV-2 in preclinical animal models. Here, we demonstrate that a single intranasal administration of a lentiviral vector encoding a prefusion form of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein induces full protection of respiratory tracts and totally avoids pulmonary inflammation in the susceptible hamster model. More importantly, we generated a new transgenic mouse strain, expressing the human Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2, with unprecedent brain permissibility to SARS-CoV-2 replication and developing a lethal disease in <4 days post infection. Even though the neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2 is now well established, so far other vaccine strategies under development have not taken into the account the protection of central nervous system. Using our highly stringent transgenic model, we demonstrated that an intranasal booster immunization with the developed lentiviral vaccine candidate achieves full protection of both respiratory tracts and brain against SARS-CoV-2.