Syncope at SARS-CoV-2 onset

Canetta, Ciro; Accordino, Silvia; Buscarini, Elisabetta; Benelli, Gianpaolo; La Piana, Giuseppe; Scartabellati, Alessandro; Viganò, Giovanni; Assandri, Roberto; Astengo, Alberto; Benzoni, Chiara; Gaudiano, Gianfranco; Cazzato, Daniele; Rossi, Davide Sebastiano; Usai, Susanna; Tramacere, Irene; Lauria, Giuseppe

We describe clinical and laboratory findings in 35 patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction on nasopharyngeal swab experiencing one or multiple syncope at disease onset. Clinical neurologic and cardiologic examination, and electrocardiographic findings were normal. Chest computed tomography showed findings consistent with interstitial pneumonia. Arterial blood gas analysis showed low pO(2), pCO(2), and ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen (PaO(2)/FiO(2)) indicating hypocapnic hypoxemia. Patients who presented with syncope showed significantly lower heart rate as compared to 68 SARS-CoV-2 positive that did not. Such poorer than expected compensatory heart rate increase may have led to syncope based on individual susceptibility. We speculate that SARS-CoV-2 could have caused angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor internalization in the nucleus of the solitary tract and other midbrain nuclei, impairing baroreflex and chemoreceptor response, and inhibiting the compensatory tachycardia during acute hypocapnic hypoxemia.