Knowledge synthesis from 100 million biomedical documents augments the deep expression profiling of coronavirus receptors

AJ Venkatakrishnan; Arjun Puranik; Akash Anand; David Zemmour; Xiang Yao; Xiaoying Wu; Ramakrishna Chilaka; Dariusz K Murakowski; Kristopher Standish; Bharathwaj Raghunathan; Tyler Wagner; Enrique Garcia-Rivera; Hugo Solomon; Abhinav Garg; Rakesh Barve; Anuli Anyanwu-Ofili; Najat Khan; Venky Soundararajan

The emerging picture of the coronavirus life cycle appears to be intricately interwoven with many proteins beyond the primary host receptors. For instance, a recent structural complex of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with ACE2 identified SLC6A19 as an interaction partner of ACE2 48 . Further, spike proteins from some coronaviruses can interact with CEACAM1 49 and sialylated glycans similar to influenza hemagglutinin 50 as host receptors. Future studies are likely to highlight several other proteins and glycans that constitute the "interactome" of the coronavirus proteome. Understanding the expression profiles of the interactome across tissues will provide systems level insights on the cellular dynamics of the functional partners and the regulatory machinery of the host receptor proteins. Like in the current study, the nferX platform will be an excellent resource for unraveling the purported interaction partners for coronavirus receptors and profiling their expression across different tissues and cells constituting the human body.