Domestication reprogrammed the budding yeast life cycle

Matteo De Chiara; Benjamin Barré; Karl Persson; Amadi Onyetuga Chioma; Agurtzane Irizar; Joseph Schacherer; Jonas Warringer; Gianni Liti

Second, hybridization of some S. cerevisiae strains to wild S. paradoxus, followed by repeated backcrossing to the S. cerevisiae parental lineage, later created S. cerevisiae genomes, such as the Alpechin clade, with massive (up to 5%) amounts of introgressed S. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.08.939314 doi: bioRxiv preprint paradoxus DNA 20 . Both events affect asexual growth. However, we found neither to have altered the yeast life cycle, the core organism-level property of the species. Domestication therefore stands out as the most dramatic event in yeast evolution, being unique in having reprogrammed a central aspect of its organismal biology. Fundamental consequences of domestication on life cycles are not unique to yeast: domestication made banana (Musa sp.) seedless and parthenocarpic 80 and abolished seed and flower production in garlic (Allium sativum) 81 . In contrast to these species, however, yeast is not only industrially important but serves as one of our most widely used model species. Because our understanding of yeast biology is near entirely based on studies of domesticated, or predominantly domesticated, Isolates were pre-cultivated in yeast peptone dextrose (YPD; 2% dextrose, 1% yeast extract, 2% peptone, 2% agar) before being diluted 1:50 into 10 mL of pre-sporulation media (YPA; 2% potassium acetate, 1% yeast extract, 2% peptone) and grown 48 hours at 30°C