Tocilizumab use in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study.

Chilimuri, Sridhar; Sun, Haozhe; Alemam, Ahmed; Kang, Kyoung-Sil; Lao, Peter; Mantri, Nikhitha; Schiller, Lawrence; Sharabun, Myroslava; Shehi, Elona; Tejada, Jairo; Yugay, Alla; Nayudu, Suresh Kumar

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated cytokine activation can lead to a rapid progression into respiratory failure, shock and multiorgan failure. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that likely contributes to the pathogenesis of cytokine release syndrome. It is hypothesized that modulating IL-6 levels or its effects with tocilizumab, a recombinant humanized anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody, may alter the course of disease. METHODS We examined the association between tocilizumab use and intubation or death at a community hospital in New York City. Data were obtained regarding consecutive patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The primary end point was a composite of intubation or death in a time-to-event analysis. We compared outcomes in patients who received tocilizumab with those in patients who did not, using a multivariable Cox model with inverse probability weighting according to the propensity score. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In this single-centre retrospective cohort study involving 1225 hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the probability to respiratory failure, which was measured as intubation or death, was less frequent in patients who received tocilizumab. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Tocilizumab and other IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibodies may evolve as a viable option in treating patients with moderate and severe COVID-19.