Association of endemic coronaviruses with nasopharyngeal metabolome and microbiota among infants with severe bronchiolitis: A prospective multicenter study

Fujiogi, Michimasa; Camargo, Carlos A.; Raita, Yoshihiko; Toivonen, Laura; Freishtat, Robert J.; Mansbach, Jonathan M.; Piedra, Pedro A.; Hasegawa, Kohei

Fig. 1 ASSOCIATIONS OF CORONAVIRUS GROUPS WITH NASOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY METABOLITES IN INFANTS WITH SEVERE BRONCHIOLITIS.: a Sparse partial least-squares discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) score plot of nasopharyngeal airway metabolome according to alpha (blue) vs. beta (red) CoV infection. Each dot represents the nasopharyngeal airway metabolome profile of a single infant, by plotting the component scores in the smaller subspace spanned by latent variables of sPLS-DA. The eclipses are 95% confidence intervals. The arrows start from the centroid of each virus group and end for each infant belonging to each group. b Heatmap of Spearman's correlations of the genomic load (measured as the inverse cycle threshold value) of alpha and beta CoVs with the 30 most discriminatory nasopharyngeal airway metabolites in the corresponding sPLS-DA model (Table E2). Clustering is based on Euclidean distance and Ward's minimum variance linkage algorithm. The color bar indicates the correlation coefficients-red color indicates a positive correlation while blue color indicates a negative correlation. Superpathway of each metabolite is color-coded for each function. CoV coronavirus.