THE PECULIARITY OF COVID- 19 GENOME AND THE CORONAVIRUS RNA TRANSLATION PROCESS AS APOTENTIAL TARGET FOR ETIOTROPIC MEDICATIONSWITH ADENINE AND OTHER NUCLEOTIDE ANALOGUES (REVIEW).

Ratiani, L; Gegechkory, S; Machavariani, K; Shotadze, T; Sanikidze, T; Intskirveli, N

Despite the multifaceted effects of the medicines provided for COVID-19treatment, the number of the infected and mortality of patients increases which demonstrates the insufficient effectiveness of drugs used to fight coronavirus infections in medical practice, and clearly shows the need to develop new treatment tactics.In this review article are summarized and analyzed the literature data concerning specific features of COVID 19. Particular attention is given to genetic characteristic of this virus ,to mechanism of its invasion into the human organism, replication and interection with ACE-2 receptors ,as well as to the basic targets for the action of existing drugs with antiviral activity against COVID-19. Currently, the following medications are used to treat COVID-19: remdesivir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), ribavirin, lopinavir/ritonavir. According to a recent theory of coronavirus treatment, the starting point for the mechanism of action of a potential etiotropic drug is the inhibition of the coronavirus main protease (Mpro/3CLpro) and the papain-like protease (PLpro). Among the drugs listed above, lopinavir acts through this mechanism but is characterized by severe side effects.It is emphasized that remdesivir as adenosine analog provides inhibitory action on RNA dependent RNA-Polymerase,but there are controversial views about reduction in mortality during using of this drug against COVID-19. The present paper discusses the mechanism of action of a potential etiotropic drug against coronavirus, which implies the replacement of the nucleotides involved in the process of translation of the virus with their analogs with the aim to "inhibit" the ribosome and block the production of viral proteins.