Clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Spain: Results from the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry.

Casas-Rojo, J M; Antón-Santos, J M; Millán-Núñez-Cortés, J; Lumbreras-Bermejo, C; Ramos-Rincón, J M; Roy-Vallejo, E; Artero-Mora, A; Arnalich-Fernández, F; García-Bruñén, J M; Vargas-Núñez, J A; Freire-Castro, S J; Manzano-Espinosa, L; Perales-Fraile, I; Crestelo-Viéitez, A; Puchades-Gimeno, F; Rodilla-Sala, E; Solís-Marquínez, M N; Bonet-Tur, D; Fidalgo-Moreno, M P; Fonseca-Aizpuru, E M; Carrasco-Sánchez, F J; Rabadán-Pejenaute, E; Rubio-Rivas, M; Torres-Peña, J D; Gómez-Huelgas, R; Millán-Núñez-Cortés, J.; Lumbreras-Bermejo, C.; Roy-Vallejo, E.; Artero-Mora, A.; Arnalich-Fernández, F.; Manzano-Espinosa, L.; Perales-Fraile, I.; Crestelo-Viéitez, A.; Puchades-Gimeno, F.; Rodilla-Sala, E.; Bonet-Tur, D.; Fonseca Aizpuru, E M; Rabadán-Pejenaute, E.; Rubio-Rivas, M.; Gómez-Huelgas, R.

BACKGROUND Spain has been one of the countries most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE To create a registry of patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in Spain, in order to improve our knowledge of the clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic aspects of this disease. METHODS A multicentre retrospective cohort study, including consecutive patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 throughout Spain. Epidemiological and clinical data, additional tests at admission and at seven days, treatments administered, and progress at 30 days of hospitalization were collected from electronic medical records. RESULTS Up to June 30th 2020, 15,111 patients from 150 hospitals were included. Their median age was 69.4 years (range: 18-102 years) and 57.2% were male. Prevalences of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus were 50.9%, 39.7%, and 19.4%, respectively. The most frequent symptoms were fever (84.2%) and cough (73.5%). High values of ferritin (73.5%), lactate dehydrogenase (73.9%), and D-dimer (63.8%), as well as lymphopenia (52.8%), were frequent. The most used antiviral drugs were hydroxychloroquine (85.6%) and lopinavir/ritonavir (61.4%); 33.1% developed respiratory distress. Overall mortality rate was 21.0%, with a marked increase with age (50-59 years: 4.7%, 60-69 years: 10.5%, 70-79 years: 26.9%, ≥80 years: 46.0%). CONCLUSIONS The SEMI-COVID-19 Network provides data on the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in Spain. Patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in Spain are mostly severe cases, as one in three patients developed respiratory distress and one in five patients died. These findings confirm a close relationship between advanced age and mortality.